Morphometric studies of the mandibular and maxillofacial regions of the Kuri cattle and the implications in regional anaesthesia

This work investigated and analysed some morphometrical measurements of mandibles and maxillofacial regions of ten adult Kuri cattle (above 5 years) skulls that were apparently free from musculoskeletal deformity. A total of 19 (13 mandibular and 6 maxillofacial) parameters were taken. The mean mandibular length and height were found to be 41.3 ± 2.35 cm and 22.6 ± 1.40 cm, while the mean mental foramen height and width were 0.8 ± 0.08 cm and 1.5 ± 0.25 cm, respectively. The mean distances from lateral alveolar root to mental foramen and from the latter to the most caudal border of the mandible were 4.8 ± 0.61 cm and 34.2 ± 1.93 cm, respectively. The mean mandibular foramen width was 1.1 ± 0.14 cm, while the distance from this foramen to the caudal border of mandible at that level was 4.0 ± 0.32 cm. The mean distances from facial tuberoses to the infraorbital foramen and from the latter to the alveolar root ventral to it were 5.3 ± 0.63 cm and 3.7 ± 0.47 cm, whereas the mean infraorbital foramen height and width stood at 1.2 ± 0.18 cm and 1.0 ± 0.22 cm, respectively. The infraorbital foramens in 60% of the specimen were located above the first upper premolar, while 20% were above second premolar, and another 20% at the junction above first and second upper premolars. These findings provide important landmarks needed for clinical manoeuvres on the head of the Kuri cattle for regional anaesthesia in procedures like trephination, dehorning, tooth extraction and oral and dental surgeries.