Walking speed is associated with self-perceived hearing handicap in high-functioning older adults: The Fujiwara-kyo study

Aim The present study investigated whether physical performance and musculoskeletal pain (MSP) are associated with self‐perceived hearing handicap (HH) among high‐functioning older adults. Methods We analyzed a total of 3982 community‐dwelling high‐functioning older adults (age 65 years and older). HH was assessed using the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Elderly‐Screening. Self‐reported hearing impairment (HI) was evaluated using a single question. We measured handgrip strength, walking speed (WS) and standing balance for assessments of physical performance. The severity of MSP assessed by interviews took into account its duration, limitation of daily activity and frequency. Results The prevalence of HH and HI in our sample was 22.2% and 28.1%, respectively. After adjusting for other two physical performance measures, MSP, sex, age, education, marital status, risk factors for hearing loss, instrumental activity of daily living, depression, cognitive function and self‐reported HI, the odds ratios for HH in the second fastest, the second slowest, and the slowest WS quartile were 1.14 (95% CI = 0.81–1.58), 1.29 (95% CI = 0.92–1.79), and 1.58 (95% CI = 1.11–2.23), respectively, compared with the fastest WS quartile. A significant dose–response relationship was found between slower WS and HH (P for trend = 0.01). No significant association with HH was found in handgrip strength, standing balance and MSP. Conclusion WS is associated with self‐perceived HH in high‐functioning older adults. The present study suggests that exercise programs to improve walking ability might be effective in preventing HH of self‐sustainable older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 745–754.