A contemporary review of management and prognostic factors of upper tract urothelial carcinoma

Highlights • Gold-standard treatment for UTUC remains NU, increasingly performed using minimally invasive surgery, which still lacks long-term oncologic equivalency to open NU. • Nomograms including pre- and post-operative variables can aid prognostication and guide further therapy. • Peri-operative chemotherapy improves survival outcomes, and should be considered in eligible patients. • Radiotherapy is of limited role, except for advanced pathologic stages with poor prognostic factors. • Future therapies based on genomic alterations in urothelial cancers are on the horizon.