Histomorphometric analysis of maxillary sinus augmentation with calcium phosphate nanocrystal-coated xenograft

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histomorphometric result from maxillary sinus augmentation with calcium phosphate nanocrystal-coated bovine bone (Biocera). Maxillary sinus augmentations were performed on 10 patients with the delayed placement of implants. The lateral bony window was created using a piezoelectric saw, and the sinus membrane was elevated to make a new compartment. Biocera was grafted. The bony window was repositioned over the bone graft. In all cases, samples were taken for biopsy at the time of implant placement, 6 to 8 months after the grafting procedure. None of the 10 patients had complications, and there were no clinical and radiographic signs of infection. Histomorphometrically, 25.94% (± 11.24%) of newly formed bone, 52.67% (± 12.60%) of soft tissue, and 21.38% (± 10.76%) of residual grafts were shown. Histologic findings showed newly formed bone surrounding the residual grafted particles, without inflammation. Newly formed bone along inner surface of the repositioned bony window area showed more mature and dense bone structure than new bone formed along bone graft. The present study revealed that calcium phosphate nanocystal-coated xenograft was considered to be a suitable bone graft material for maxillary sinus augmentation.