Parity-time-symmetry breaking in double-slab surface-plasmon-polariton waveguides

We theoretically demonstrate spontaneous PT-symmetry breaking behavior of surface-plasmon polaritons (SPP) in coupled double-slab (DS) waveguides. By virtue of a flat-top field at critical wavelength, the imaginary index of a DS-SPP mode can be controlled via changing the core thickness, while the real index is kept constant. Therefore, a waveguide coupler that consists of a pair of DS-SPP waveguides with different core thicknesses can represent a passive PT-symmetric system, which always maintains symmetry under a real potential. This set-up also represents a good opportunity to investigate the underlying physics of PT-symmetry breaking in non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems.