Heavy metal partitioning in sediments and bioaccumulation in commercial fish species of three major reservoirs of river Cauvery delta region, India

Chemical partitioning of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, Ni) were determined in surface sediments of three reservoirs at the Delta region of Cauvery River, India. The abundance of metals in sediments varied in the following descending order: Fe, Mn, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Pb. Higher concentrations of Zn, Pb, Fe, Mn and Cu in exchangeable and carbonate fraction indicated toxicity risk to the biota. Therefore, to understand the extent of bioaccumulation, six commercial fish species were collected from the same sites and analyzed for heavy metals distribution in different organs. Among the metals found in fish samples, iron was observed in the highest concentration, followed by Zn, Pb, Cr, Mn, Cu, and Ni. Concentrations of Pb, Cr and Zn in many fish samples exceeded the permissible limits of Food and Agriculture Organization. The concentrations of Pb (17.7–31.7%), Cr (6.2–15.1%), Cu (15.2-30.5%) and Zn (30–40%) associated with exchangeable and carbonate fractions had significant positive correlation with the respective metal concentrations in fish. Among the fish species, Catla catla and Etroplus suratensis showed the highest accumulation of metals suggesting risk for human consumption. •Heavy metal partitioning in sediments was determined and it was related to bioaccumulation in fish.•Substantial proportion of Pb, Cu and Zn was observed in the exchangeable fraction of the sediments.•Pb, Cr and Zn level in most of the fish samples exceeded the permissible limits.•Positive correlation was observed between labile fraction of Cu and Pb in sediments and the corresponding concentrations in tissues.