Facile Fabrication of Electrochromic Poly(amine-amide) and Poly(amine-imide) Films Via Carbazole-Based Oxidative Coupling Electropolymerization

The synthesis and electrochemical properties of four electropolymerizable monomers featuring an interior aromatic diamide or diimide segment bridged by p‐phenylene units to terminal electroactive carbazole groups are described. Upon electrochemical oxidation, the coupling reactions between carbazole radical cations occur instantly, rendering an efficient electropolymerization process feasible. The electrogenerated polymer films exhibit reversible electrochemical processes and stable color changes upon electro‐oxidation, which can be switched by potential modulation. The remarkable electrochromic behavior of the film is clearly interpreted on the basis of spectroelectrochemical studies. Electrochromic poly(amine‐amide) and poly(amine‐imide) films are directly fabricated on an electrode surface via the electropolymerization of diamide‐dicarbazoles and diimide‐dicarbazoles in an electrolyte solution. The electrogenerated polymer films exhibit reversible electrochemical processes and stable color changes upon electro‐oxidation, which can be switched by potential modulation.