Characterization of CD4+ subpopulations and CD25+ cells in ileal lymphatic tissue of weaned piglets infected with Salmonella Typhimurium with or without Enterococus faecium feeding

The aim of the present study was to test the effect of Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 (E. faecium) on CD4+ T helper immune cell subpopulations and CD25+ cells in ileal lymphatic tissue after challenge with Salmonella (S.) Typhimurium DT 104. German Landrace piglets treated with E. faecium (n=16) as a feed additive and untreated controls (n=16) were challenged with S. Typhimurium 10 days after weaning. The expression of lineage specific T helper cell subtype master transcription factors on mRNA level was measured in the whole tissue of the gut associated lymphoid tissues (ileocecal mesenteric lymph node, ileum with Peyer's patches and papilla ilealis) and in magnetically sorted T helper cells from blood and ileocecal mesenteric lymph nodes at two and 28 days post infection. CD25 protein expression of T helper cells was studied by flow cytometry in ileal Peyer's patches, lymph nodes and blood. Distribution and morphology of CD25+ cells was demonstrated in situ by immunohistochemistry in paraffin embedded specimens of the ileum and the ileocecal mesenteric lymph nodes. The data provide evidence for a higher T helper 2 cell driven immune response in the control group compared to the E. faecium treated group (P