Perception of ageism and self-esteem among Lebanese elders at home and abroad

Background : Discrimination against old age leads to depressive symptoms and lower self-esteem. This issue is not studied in the Lebanese society where a demographic transition is taking place and the population is aging. We assess the perception of age discrimination among Lebanese and its relation to self-esteem. Methods : We interviewed a convenience sample of 320 Lebanese elders (mean age 69. 3 years ± 6. 2 ; 55 % males) living in an urban setting (Beirut) and a rural setting (Ras-Baalbeck) a well as those who immigrated to Dakar using a preestablished questionnaire. Perception of age discrimination and socio-demographic information were collected ; self-esteem was measured using the Toulouse scale. Results : More elders living in Beirut (OR = 9. 7, 95 % CI = 3. 5-26. 6) and Ras-Baalbeck (OR = 11. 42, 95 % CI = 3. 95-33. 1) perceived age-related discrimination than those living in Dakar. This perception was significantly associated to lower self-esteem (OR = 2. 2, 95 % CI = 1. 3-3. 6). Conclusion : Supporting emotionally vulnerable elders should be a target for policy makers in Lebanon. It is important to preserve a better quality of life for elders still playing a major role in families