Cross-cultural and comparative epidemiology of insomnia: the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD)

Highlights • We estimate prevalence of insomnia in the general population using a validated scale. • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), and International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 2nd Edition (ICSD-2) insomnia diagnoses at 22.1%, 10.8%, 4.7%, and 15.1%, respectively. • Prevalence of insomnia disorder is similar for Hong Kong and the United States. • Among the insomnia symptoms, non-restorative sleep is the most affected by quantitative criteria.