Specific RNA Recognition by Designer Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein

Manipulation of gene expression through targeting specific DNA or RNA sequences is a significant challenge, tn the past decade, transcription activator-like （TAL） effectors and zinc fingers （ZFs） have been successfully developed into useful tools for DNA recognition （Bogdanove and Voytas, 2011; Deng et al., 2012a, 2012b）. However, little progress has been made in the realm of RNA targeting due to the lack of understanding about the modular RNA recognition mechanism.