Preparation of sulfur-doped microporous carbons for the storage of hydrogen and carbon dioxide

Structurally well ordered, sulfur-doped microporous carbon materials have been successfully prepared by a nanocasting method using zeolite EMC-2 as a hard template. The carbon materials exhibited well-resolved diffraction peaks in powder XRD patterns and ordered micropore channels in TEM images. Adjusting the synthesis conditions, carbons possess a tunable sulfur content in the range of 1.3–6.6wt.%, a surface area of 729–1627m2g−1 and a pore volume of 0.60–0.90cm3g−1. A significant proportion of the porosity in the carbons (up to 82% and 63% for surface area and pore volume, respectively) is contributed by micropores. The sulfur-doped microporous carbons exhibit isosteric heat of hydrogen adsorption up to 9.2kJmol−1 and a high hydrogen uptake density of 14.3×10−3mmolm−2 at −196°C and 20bar, one of the highest ever observed for nanoporous carbons. They also show a high CO2 adsorption energy up to 59kJmol−1 at lower coverages (with 22kJmol−1 at higher CO2 coverages), the highest ever reported for any porous carbon materials and one of the highest amongst all the porous materials. These findings suggest that S-doped microporous carbons are potential promising adsorbents for hydrogen and CO2.