On Pareto optimality conditions in the case of two-dimension non-convex utility space

The paper suggests a new — to the best of the author’s knowledge — characterization of Pareto-optimal decisions for the case of two-dimensional utility space which is not supposed to be convex. The main idea is to use the angle distances between the bisector of the first quadrant and points of utility space. A necessary and sufficient condition for Pareto optimality in the form of an equation is derived. The first-order necessary condition for optimality in the form of a pair of equations is also obtained.