Designing asynchronous online discussion environments: Recent progress and possible future directions

Asynchronous online discussion environments are important platforms to support learning. Research suggests, however, threaded forums, one of the most popular asynchronous discussion environments, do not often foster productive online discussions naturally. This paper explores how certain properties of threaded forums have affected or constrained the quality of discussions, and argues that developing alternative discussion environments is highly needed to offer better support for asynchronous online communication. Using the Productive Online Discussion Model developed by Gao, Wang and Sun, we analyzed current work on four types of asynchronous discussion environments that have been developed and researched: constrained environments, visualized environments, anchored environments and combined environments. The paper has implications for developing future asynchronous online discussion environments. More specifically, future work should aim at (1) exploring new environments that support varied goals of learning, (2) integrating emerging technologies to address the constraints of current environments, (3) designing multifunctional environments to facilitate complex learning and (4) developing appropriate instructional activities and strategies for these environments. Practitioner Notes What is already known about this topic • Asynchronous online discussion plays an important role in facilitating learning. • It is hard to foster a focused, interactive and in‐depth asynchronous discussion in traditional threaded forums. • Researchers have investigated multiple ways of structuring or facilitating asynchronous online discussions. What this paper adds • The paper analyzes how existing features of threaded forums constrain the quality of online discussion. • The paper identifies the progress made in designing alternative asynchronous discussion environments and discusses four major types of asynchronous discussion environments that have been developed and researched. • The paper provides suggestions for developing future asynchronous discussion environments. Implications for practice and/or policy • Designing alternative asynchronous discussion environments is necessary to improve the quality of online discussion and communication. • New asynchronous discussion environments need to be designed to meet varied learning goals and facilitate complex learning. • Appropriate instructional strategies need to be developed for both existing and new online discussion