The role of the TiO2 nanotube array morphologies in the dye-sensitized solar cells

Arrays of TiO2 nanotubes were fabricated by the anodization of Ti foils and then used in assembling dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The role of the morphologies of the TiO2 nanotubes in the photovoltaic performances of the DSSCs was studied in terms of the surface topography and the tube length. The necessity of removing the nanoporous films from the surface of the nanotube arrays for good DSSC performance has been demonstrated. Also, it has been shown that appropriately increasing the tube length was an effective measure for enhancing both the short-circuit current density and the conversion efficiency of the DSSCs.