A power-, delay- and emergency-efficient protocol of ubiquitous sensor network systems for silver town applications

A power- and delay-efficient routing algorithm and emergency-efficient protocol of ubiquitous wireless sensor network systems for silver town applications is presented. For this protocol, a fixed node (without any limited resources) is established at one point which can communicate with one-hop to both the sink node and the mobile sensor nodes in the dark region (in which mobile sensor nodes cannot communicate to the sink node). The fixed nodes are operated like the fixed cluster head. The simulated lifetime of the proposed routing algorithm is longer than those of LEACH and HEED and the simulated time delay of the proposed routing algorithm is faster than those of LEACH and HEED when the three protocols are applied to a specific silver town environment.