Roles of contamination and nonlinear effects in failing space-flight lasers

Space-flight lasers are subjected to a harsh space environment that affects their performances and lifetimes. Contamination and induced nonlinear optical effects are the most worrisome factors that frequently contribute to laser failure in space. In this paper, we present a descriptive physical model that explains the cause of surface damage of optical components due to contamination, nonlinear phenomena, and the role of microgravity and the optical forces in the process. Experimental results are presented and discussed. An adsorption technique to minimize the presence of contaminants is proposed.