Proposal of intestinal tissue engineering combined with Bianchi’s procedure

Abstract Aim The aim of this study is to examine the feasibility of the small intestinal submucosa (SIS) when the longitudinal staples during Bianchi’s procedure are replaced with SIS graft. Methods The mesentery of the bowel was separated based on the bifurcated vessels in five beagles. A 2 × 7-cm longitudinal half of the bowel was excised and the defect was repaired using SIS with similar blood supply in Bianchi’s operation. Six months later, intestinal motility in the SIS-grafted area was recorded. Tissue preparations were obtained from the reorganized area. An organ bath technique with electrical field stimulation was applied. Both the native small intestine and grafted area were morphologically investigated using immunohistochemistry. Main results All dogs survived and thrived with no anastomotic leakage. Isoperistaltic migrating contractility during fasting was observed through the grafted segment including the reorganized area. The SIS-reorganized tissue contracted in response to an acetylcholine agonist and electrical field stimulation. The mucosa was covered with normal epithelium. Reorganization of neural and smooth muscle cells was observed. Conclusions SIS has the potential for use as a scaffold that promotes the formation of a physical and physiological neointestine. Our present proposal approaches a novel surgical treatment in patients with short bowel syndrome.