A systematic mapping study on technical debt and its management

•A systematic mapping study on technical debt and its management.•Ninety-four papers are finally selected for data extraction and analysis.•Technical debt was classified into 10 types.•Eight activities of and 29 tools for technical debt management were identified.•Code-related technical debt has gained the most attention. Technical debt (TD) is a metaphor reflecting technical compromises that can yield short-term benefit but may hurt the long-term health of a software system. This work aims at collecting studies on TD and TD management (TDM), and making a classification and thematic analysis on these studies, to obtain a comprehensive understanding on the TD concept and an overview on the current state of research on TDM. A systematic mapping study was performed to identify and analyze research on TD and its management, covering publications between 1992 and 2013. Ninety-four studies were finally selected. TD was classified into 10 types, 8 TDM activities were identified, and 29 tools for TDM were collected. The term “debt” has been used in different ways by different people, which leads to ambiguous interpretation of the term. Code-related TD and its management have gained the most attention. There is a need for more empirical studies with high-quality evidence on the whole TDM process and on the application of specific TDM approaches in industrial settings. Moreover, dedicated TDM tools are needed for managing various types of TD in the whole TDM process.