Transurethral anatomical enucleation of the prostate with Tm:YAG support (ThuLEP): review of the literature on a novel surgical approach in the management of benign prostatic enlargement

Purpose Retrograde transurethral anatomical enucleation of the prostate is gaining momentum as a new concept in transurethral surgery of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Its adaptation is boosted by the familiarity of urologists with the finger-assisted anatomical enucleation of the adenoma during open prostatectomy and the combination of this well-established concept with the minimal invasive characteristics of transurethral surgery. The thulium laser appears as an ideal energy source for such operation. In this work, current evidence on thulium laser-assisted anatomical enucleation of the prostate (ThuLEP) is being reviewed. Materials and Methods A comprehensive literature review was performed on Medline, PubMed, and Cochrane databases retrieving all literature on thulium laser-assisted prostatectomy between 2006 and 2015. Experimental studies, review articles and editorial comments as well as studies on thulium laser-assisted approaches other than ThuLEP (i.e., ThuVEP, ThuVAP or ThuVARP) were excluded from the analysis. Results In total, six original articles on either surgical technique or clinical outcomes were retrieved. With regard to functional results, ThuLEP presented no significant differences toward the standard treatment (TURP/HoLEP) arm in two randomized controlled trials and favorable outcomes in available prospective cohorts. Observed morbidity was minimum and comparable with the rest of transurethral literature. Conclusions ThuLEP literature is still very limited. Based on the available data, the approach is safe and effective, demonstrating favorable outcomes, comparable with the current standard treatment options. Further documentation of ThuLEP outcomes is necessary to define the optimum indications of this novel technique.