Emerging issues in antimicrobial resistance of bacteria from food-producing animals

During the last decade, antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food-producing animals has become a major research topic. In this review, different emerging resistance properties related to bacteria of food-producing animals are highlighted. These include: extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae; carbapenemase-producing bacteria; bovine respiratory tract pathogens, such as and , which harbor the multiresistance mediating integrative and conjugative element ICE ; Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that carry the multiresistance gene ; and the occurrence of numerous novel antimicrobial resistance genes in livestock-associated methicillin-resistant . The emergence of the aforementioned resistance properties is mainly based on the exchange of mobile genetic elements that carry the respective resistance genes.