Myocardial tissue characterization by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging using T1 mapping predicts ventricular arrhythmia in ischemic and non–ischemic cardiomyopathy patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators

Background Diffuse myocardial fibrosis may provide a substrate for the initiation and maintenance of ventricular arrhythmia. T1 mapping overcomes the limitations of the conventional delayed contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (CE-CMR) imaging technique by allowing quantification of diffuse fibrosis. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess whether myocardial tissue characterization using T1 mapping would predict ventricular arrhythmia in ischemic and non–ischemic cardiomyopathies. Methods This was a prospective longitudinal study of consecutive patients receiving implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in a tertiary cardiac center. Participants underwent CMR myocardial tissue characterization using T1 mapping and conventional CE-CMR scar assessment before device implantation. The primary end point was an appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy or documented sustained ventricular arrhythmia. Results One hundred thirty patients (71 ischemic and 59 non–ischemic) were included with a mean follow-up period of 430 ± 185 days (median 425 days; interquartile range 293 days). At follow-up, 23 patients (18%) experienced the primary end point. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, the following factors showed a significant association with the primary end point: secondary prevention (hazard ratio [HR] 1.70; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.01–1.91), noncontrast T1_native for every 10-ms increment in value (HR 1.10; CI 1.04–1.16; 90-ms difference between the end point–positive and end point–negative groups), and Grayzone_2sd-3sd for every 1% left ventricular increment in value (HR 1.36; CI 1.15–1.61; 4% difference between the end point–positive and end point–negative groups). Other CE-CMR indices including Scar_2sd , Scar_FWHM , and Grayzone_2sd-FWHM were also significantly, even though less strongly, associated with the primary end point as compared with Grayzone_2sd-3sd. Conclusion Quantitative myocardial tissue assessment using T1 mapping is an independent predictor of ventricular arrhythmia in both ischemic and non–ischemic cardiomyopathies.