Reproductive status of cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in North American zoos: the benefits of physiological surveys for strategic planning

Under the mandate of a Species Survival Plan (SSP), reproductive status was assessed in 128 cheetahs maintained in 18 different institutions in North America. A mobile laboratory research team evaluated cheetahs using anesthesia, serial blood sampling, electroejaculation (males), and laparoscopy (fe...

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Veröffentlicht in:Zoo biology 1993, Vol.12 (1), p.45-80
Hauptverfasser: Wildt, D.E. (National Zoological Park, Washington, DC.), Brown, J.L, Bush, M, Barone, M.A, Cooper, K.A, Grisham, J, Howard, J.G
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container_end_page 80
container_issue 1
container_start_page 45
container_title Zoo biology
container_volume 12
creator Wildt, D.E. (National Zoological Park, Washington, DC.)
Brown, J.L
Bush, M
Barone, M.A
Cooper, K.A
Grisham, J
Howard, J.G
description Under the mandate of a Species Survival Plan (SSP), reproductive status was assessed in 128 cheetahs maintained in 18 different institutions in North America. A mobile laboratory research team evaluated cheetahs using anesthesia, serial blood sampling, electroejaculation (males), and laparoscopy (females). Biomaterials were also collected for parallel studies of genetics, nutrition, and health. There was no mortality, and cheetahs were capable of reproducing naturally after these intense manipulatory examinations. No marked differences were observed in reproductive or endocrine characteristics between proven and unproven breeders. However, males consistently produced teratospermic ejaculates, and cheetah sperm were compromised in conspecific or heterologous in vitro fertilization systems. Structurally abnormal sperm were found to be filtered by the oocyte's zona pellucida. More than 80% of the females were anatomically sound, but morphological and endocrine evidence suggested that ∼50% or more of the population may have had inactive ovaries at the time of the examination. Males ranging in age from 15 to 182 months produced spermic ejaculates, but motile sperm numbers/ejaculate and circulating testosterone concentrations were highest in males 60 to 120 months old. Parovarian cysts were observed in 51.5% of female cheetahs, but comparisons between proven and unproven subpopulations revealed that this abnormality likely had no influence on fertility. Fresh luteal tissue was not observed in any nonpregnant or nonlactating female, strongly suggesting that the cheetah is an induced ovulator. Overall survey results were discussed in the context of the etiology of reproductive inefficiency, especially with respect to the potential importance of biological versus management factors. Four high priority research areas in cheetah reproductive biology were identified: 1) continuous monitoring of ejaculate quality in the extant population, while studying the impact of pleiomorphisms on fertility; 2) determining the potential relationship between libido and androgen production (excretion) in males; 3) confirming the extent of cyclic, or acyclic, ovarian activity in females; and 4) continued development of assisted reproductive techniques for enhancing man‐agement. In summary, a multidisciplinary, multi‐institutional survey coordinated through the SSP is both possible and useful for generating a physiological and health database beneficial to driving further research and
doi_str_mv 10.1002/zoo.1430120107
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(National Zoological Park, Washington, DC.) ; Brown, J.L ; Bush, M ; Barone, M.A ; Cooper, K.A ; Grisham, J ; Howard, J.G</creator><creatorcontrib>Wildt, D.E. (National Zoological Park, Washington, DC.) ; Brown, J.L ; Bush, M ; Barone, M.A ; Cooper, K.A ; Grisham, J ; Howard, J.G</creatorcontrib><description>Under the mandate of a Species Survival Plan (SSP), reproductive status was assessed in 128 cheetahs maintained in 18 different institutions in North America. A mobile laboratory research team evaluated cheetahs using anesthesia, serial blood sampling, electroejaculation (males), and laparoscopy (females). Biomaterials were also collected for parallel studies of genetics, nutrition, and health. There was no mortality, and cheetahs were capable of reproducing naturally after these intense manipulatory examinations. No marked differences were observed in reproductive or endocrine characteristics between proven and unproven breeders. However, males consistently produced teratospermic ejaculates, and cheetah sperm were compromised in conspecific or heterologous in vitro fertilization systems. Structurally abnormal sperm were found to be filtered by the oocyte's zona pellucida. More than 80% of the females were anatomically sound, but morphological and endocrine evidence suggested that ∼50% or more of the population may have had inactive ovaries at the time of the examination. Males ranging in age from 15 to 182 months produced spermic ejaculates, but motile sperm numbers/ejaculate and circulating testosterone concentrations were highest in males 60 to 120 months old. Parovarian cysts were observed in 51.5% of female cheetahs, but comparisons between proven and unproven subpopulations revealed that this abnormality likely had no influence on fertility. Fresh luteal tissue was not observed in any nonpregnant or nonlactating female, strongly suggesting that the cheetah is an induced ovulator. Overall survey results were discussed in the context of the etiology of reproductive inefficiency, especially with respect to the potential importance of biological versus management factors. Four high priority research areas in cheetah reproductive biology were identified: 1) continuous monitoring of ejaculate quality in the extant population, while studying the impact of pleiomorphisms on fertility; 2) determining the potential relationship between libido and androgen production (excretion) in males; 3) confirming the extent of cyclic, or acyclic, ovarian activity in females; and 4) continued development of assisted reproductive techniques for enhancing man‐agement. 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(National Zoological Park, Washington, DC.)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, J.L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bush, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barone, M.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cooper, K.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grisham, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Howard, J.G</creatorcontrib><title>Reproductive status of cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in North American zoos: the benefits of physiological surveys for strategic planning</title><title>Zoo biology</title><addtitle>Zoo Biol</addtitle><description>Under the mandate of a Species Survival Plan (SSP), reproductive status was assessed in 128 cheetahs maintained in 18 different institutions in North America. A mobile laboratory research team evaluated cheetahs using anesthesia, serial blood sampling, electroejaculation (males), and laparoscopy (females). Biomaterials were also collected for parallel studies of genetics, nutrition, and health. There was no mortality, and cheetahs were capable of reproducing naturally after these intense manipulatory examinations. No marked differences were observed in reproductive or endocrine characteristics between proven and unproven breeders. However, males consistently produced teratospermic ejaculates, and cheetah sperm were compromised in conspecific or heterologous in vitro fertilization systems. Structurally abnormal sperm were found to be filtered by the oocyte's zona pellucida. More than 80% of the females were anatomically sound, but morphological and endocrine evidence suggested that ∼50% or more of the population may have had inactive ovaries at the time of the examination. Males ranging in age from 15 to 182 months produced spermic ejaculates, but motile sperm numbers/ejaculate and circulating testosterone concentrations were highest in males 60 to 120 months old. Parovarian cysts were observed in 51.5% of female cheetahs, but comparisons between proven and unproven subpopulations revealed that this abnormality likely had no influence on fertility. Fresh luteal tissue was not observed in any nonpregnant or nonlactating female, strongly suggesting that the cheetah is an induced ovulator. Overall survey results were discussed in the context of the etiology of reproductive inefficiency, especially with respect to the potential importance of biological versus management factors. Four high priority research areas in cheetah reproductive biology were identified: 1) continuous monitoring of ejaculate quality in the extant population, while studying the impact of pleiomorphisms on fertility; 2) determining the potential relationship between libido and androgen production (excretion) in males; 3) confirming the extent of cyclic, or acyclic, ovarian activity in females; and 4) continued development of assisted reproductive techniques for enhancing man‐agement. In summary, a multidisciplinary, multi‐institutional survey coordinated through the SSP is both possible and useful for generating a physiological and health database beneficial to driving further research and management initiatives. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</description><subject>Acinonyx jubatus</subject><subject>AMELIORATION DES ANIMAUX</subject><subject>AMERICA DEL NORTE</subject><subject>AMERIQUE DU NORD</subject><subject>ANIMAL BREEDING</subject><subject>ANIMAL DE ZOO</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>ANIMALES DE PARQUE ZOOLOGICO</subject><subject>Applied ecology</subject><subject>assisted reproduction</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>BREEDING METHODS</subject><subject>BREEDING PROGRAMS</subject><subject>CHEETAHS</subject><subject>Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife</subject><subject>ESPERMATOZOO</subject><subject>follicle</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>GRAAFIAN FOLLICLES</subject><subject>GUEPARD</subject><subject>HORMONAS</subject><subject>HORMONE</subject><subject>HORMONES</subject><subject>MEJORAMIENTO ANIMAL</subject><subject>METHODE D'AMELIORATION GENETIQUE</subject><subject>METODOS DE MEJORAMIENTO GENETICO</subject><subject>NORTH AMERICA</subject><subject>ONZA</subject><subject>OVAIRE</subject><subject>OVARIES</subject><subject>OVARIOS</subject><subject>ovary</subject><subject>PARQUES ZOOLOGICOS</subject><subject>PERFORMANCE DE REPRODUCTION</subject><subject>REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE</subject><subject>REPRODUCTIVIDAD</subject><subject>SEMEN</subject><subject>SEMEN CHARACTERS</subject><subject>sperm</subject><subject>SPERMATOZOA</subject><subject>SPERMATOZOIDE</subject><subject>SPERME</subject><subject>ZOO</subject><subject>ZOO ANIMALS</subject><subject>ZOOS</subject><issn>0733-3188</issn><issn>1098-2361</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1993</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFUD1v1DAYjhBIHIWVgckDQnTIYed14oTtVEFBanvio0LqYjnu64tLLj5sp234A_xtfKQqYmKy9Pr5zrLnjC4ZpcWbn84tGQfKCsqoeJAtGG3qvICKPcwWVADkwOr6cfYkhCtKaV2yYpH9-ow77y5HHe01khBVHANxhugOMaoukNcrbQc3TLfkamz3v4fEDuTM-diR1Ra91WogyTq8JbFD0uKAxsY_GrtuCtb1bpMwPQmjv8YpEON88vEqYrqTXa-GwQ6bp9kjo_qAz-7eg-z8_buvRx_yk_Xxx6PVSa65KEReFiXjZStUxYUBxikHaAXyomoMa1LflhcqjXFZcgSqtWA1VGVtalVyXRsOB9mrWTe1_jFiiHJrg8Y-xUA3BsmqKjlAk4DLGai9C8GjkTtvt8pPklG531um0vLv3onw8k5ZhdTXeDVoG-5ZvKoBxD5AM8NubI_Tf0TlxXr9j0U-c22IeHvPVf67rASIUn47O5Yl_8RP4eJU7ju8mPFGOak2PsU5_9JUwIEJ-A1mn6lK</recordid><startdate>1993</startdate><enddate>1993</enddate><creator>Wildt, D.E. (National Zoological Park, Washington, DC.)</creator><creator>Brown, J.L</creator><creator>Bush, M</creator><creator>Barone, M.A</creator><creator>Cooper, K.A</creator><creator>Grisham, J</creator><creator>Howard, J.G</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</general><general>Wiley-Liss</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope></search><sort><creationdate>1993</creationdate><title>Reproductive status of cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in North American zoos: the benefits of physiological surveys for strategic planning</title><author>Wildt, D.E. (National Zoological Park, Washington, DC.) ; Brown, J.L ; Bush, M ; Barone, M.A ; Cooper, K.A ; Grisham, J ; Howard, J.G</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4727-525145b7a647f3140433b7e4269f19098b42a002d54e30cc7183658f8a54c8f43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1993</creationdate><topic>Acinonyx jubatus</topic><topic>AMELIORATION DES ANIMAUX</topic><topic>AMERICA DEL NORTE</topic><topic>AMERIQUE DU NORD</topic><topic>ANIMAL BREEDING</topic><topic>ANIMAL DE ZOO</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>ANIMALES DE PARQUE ZOOLOGICO</topic><topic>Applied ecology</topic><topic>assisted reproduction</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>BREEDING METHODS</topic><topic>BREEDING PROGRAMS</topic><topic>CHEETAHS</topic><topic>Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife</topic><topic>ESPERMATOZOO</topic><topic>follicle</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>GRAAFIAN FOLLICLES</topic><topic>GUEPARD</topic><topic>HORMONAS</topic><topic>HORMONE</topic><topic>HORMONES</topic><topic>MEJORAMIENTO ANIMAL</topic><topic>METHODE D'AMELIORATION GENETIQUE</topic><topic>METODOS DE MEJORAMIENTO GENETICO</topic><topic>NORTH AMERICA</topic><topic>ONZA</topic><topic>OVAIRE</topic><topic>OVARIES</topic><topic>OVARIOS</topic><topic>ovary</topic><topic>PARQUES ZOOLOGICOS</topic><topic>PERFORMANCE DE REPRODUCTION</topic><topic>REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE</topic><topic>REPRODUCTIVIDAD</topic><topic>SEMEN</topic><topic>SEMEN CHARACTERS</topic><topic>sperm</topic><topic>SPERMATOZOA</topic><topic>SPERMATOZOIDE</topic><topic>SPERME</topic><topic>ZOO</topic><topic>ZOO ANIMALS</topic><topic>ZOOS</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wildt, D.E. (National Zoological Park, Washington, DC.)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, J.L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bush, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barone, M.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cooper, K.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grisham, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Howard, J.G</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Zoo biology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wildt, D.E. (National Zoological Park, Washington, DC.)</au><au>Brown, J.L</au><au>Bush, M</au><au>Barone, M.A</au><au>Cooper, K.A</au><au>Grisham, J</au><au>Howard, J.G</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Reproductive status of cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in North American zoos: the benefits of physiological surveys for strategic planning</atitle><jtitle>Zoo biology</jtitle><addtitle>Zoo Biol</addtitle><date>1993</date><risdate>1993</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>45</spage><epage>80</epage><pages>45-80</pages><issn>0733-3188</issn><eissn>1098-2361</eissn><coden>ZOBIDX</coden><abstract>Under the mandate of a Species Survival Plan (SSP), reproductive status was assessed in 128 cheetahs maintained in 18 different institutions in North America. A mobile laboratory research team evaluated cheetahs using anesthesia, serial blood sampling, electroejaculation (males), and laparoscopy (females). Biomaterials were also collected for parallel studies of genetics, nutrition, and health. There was no mortality, and cheetahs were capable of reproducing naturally after these intense manipulatory examinations. No marked differences were observed in reproductive or endocrine characteristics between proven and unproven breeders. However, males consistently produced teratospermic ejaculates, and cheetah sperm were compromised in conspecific or heterologous in vitro fertilization systems. Structurally abnormal sperm were found to be filtered by the oocyte's zona pellucida. More than 80% of the females were anatomically sound, but morphological and endocrine evidence suggested that ∼50% or more of the population may have had inactive ovaries at the time of the examination. Males ranging in age from 15 to 182 months produced spermic ejaculates, but motile sperm numbers/ejaculate and circulating testosterone concentrations were highest in males 60 to 120 months old. Parovarian cysts were observed in 51.5% of female cheetahs, but comparisons between proven and unproven subpopulations revealed that this abnormality likely had no influence on fertility. Fresh luteal tissue was not observed in any nonpregnant or nonlactating female, strongly suggesting that the cheetah is an induced ovulator. Overall survey results were discussed in the context of the etiology of reproductive inefficiency, especially with respect to the potential importance of biological versus management factors. Four high priority research areas in cheetah reproductive biology were identified: 1) continuous monitoring of ejaculate quality in the extant population, while studying the impact of pleiomorphisms on fertility; 2) determining the potential relationship between libido and androgen production (excretion) in males; 3) confirming the extent of cyclic, or acyclic, ovarian activity in females; and 4) continued development of assisted reproductive techniques for enhancing man‐agement. In summary, a multidisciplinary, multi‐institutional survey coordinated through the SSP is both possible and useful for generating a physiological and health database beneficial to driving further research and management initiatives. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</pub><doi>10.1002/zoo.1430120107</doi><tpages>36</tpages></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 0733-3188
ispartof Zoo biology, 1993, Vol.12 (1), p.45-80
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source Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete
subjects Acinonyx jubatus
AMELIORATION DES ANIMAUX
AMERICA DEL NORTE
AMERIQUE DU NORD
ANIMAL BREEDING
ANIMAL DE ZOO
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
ANIMALES DE PARQUE ZOOLOGICO
Applied ecology
assisted reproduction
Biological and medical sciences
BREEDING METHODS
BREEDING PROGRAMS
CHEETAHS
Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife
ESPERMATOZOO
follicle
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
GRAAFIAN FOLLICLES
GUEPARD
HORMONAS
HORMONE
HORMONES
MEJORAMIENTO ANIMAL
METHODE D'AMELIORATION GENETIQUE
METODOS DE MEJORAMIENTO GENETICO
NORTH AMERICA
ONZA
OVAIRE
OVARIES
OVARIOS
ovary
PARQUES ZOOLOGICOS
PERFORMANCE DE REPRODUCTION
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE
REPRODUCTIVIDAD
SEMEN
SEMEN CHARACTERS
sperm
SPERMATOZOA
SPERMATOZOIDE
SPERME
ZOO
ZOO ANIMALS
ZOOS
title Reproductive status of cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in North American zoos: the benefits of physiological surveys for strategic planning
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