Physiological responses and performance analysis difference between official and simulated karate combat conditions

Purpose: This study aimed to compare physiological responses and timemotion analysis between official and simulated karate combat. Methods: Ten high-level karatekas participated in this study, which included official and simulated karate combat. Results: Karatekas used more upper-limb attack techniques during official combat compared to simulated ones (6 [+ or -] 3 vs 3 [+ or -] 1; P=0.05, respectively). For official and simulated karate matches, the numbers of high-intensity actions (i.e. offensive and defensive fighting activity) were 14 [+ or -] 6 and 18 [+ or -] 5, respectively (P>0.05), lasting from