The protective effect of Moringa oleifera leaves against cyclophosphamide-induced urinary bladder toxicity in rats

Highlights • A study on the effect of i.p. injection of CP in rats demonstrated histopathological features of cystitis by light microscope as ulcerated mucosa, edematous, hemorrhagic and fibrotic submucosa disorganization of myofibers. • Ultrastructural changes were reported as extended intercellular gaps and junctional complexes as well as damage of cell organelles mainly mitochondria, capillary bed, myofibers organelles and sarcolemmal integrity. • Biochemical analysis was done of MDA as a lipid peroxidation marker and reduced glutathione as a natural scavenger of free radicals and reactive oxygen species to monitor the oxidative stress and correlate the results with the urotoxicty examined histopathologically. • Aiming to test the possible antioxidant protective effects of a natural plant called “Miracle vegetable” Moringa oleifera leaves extract since it possesses highly therapeutic and pharmacological values and whether it could reverse some of the histopathological damage induced by CP and almost restore the levels of MDA and GSH to nearly the control levels.