Animal awareness

In this paper it is argued that there are two types of conscious awareness, namely being awake and being aware of objects. The views of some thinkers, e.g., Donald Griffin, are criticized for failing to take this distinction into account. Failure to take proper account of this distinction undermines views of others, such as Peter Carruthers, who maintain that animals are not consciously aware. Such views presuppose that for a subject to be awake or have feelings it must be able to identify some mental state as an object about which it can think.