Adsorption and Viscoelastic Analysis of Polyelectrolyte–Surfactant Complexes on Charged Hydrophilic Surfaces

The aggregation of surfactants around oppositely charged polyelectrolytes brings about a peculiar bulk phase behavior of the complex, known as coacervation, and can control the extent of adsorption of the polyelectrolyte at an aqueous–solid interface. Adsorption kinetics from turbid premixed polyelectrolyte–surfactant mixtures have been difficult to measure using optical techniques such as ellipsometry and reflectometry, thus limiting the correlation between bulk phases and interfacial adsorption. Here, we investigated the adsorption from premixed solutions of a cationic polysaccharide (PQ10) and the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on an amphoteric alumina surface using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCMD). The surface charge on the alumina was tuned by changing the pH of the premixed solutions, allowing us to assess the role of electrostatic interactions by studying the adsorption on both negatively and positively charged surfaces. We observed a maximum extent of adsorption on both negatively and positively charged surfaces from a solution corresponding to the maximum turbidity. Enhanced adsorption upon diluting the redissolved complexes at a high SDS concentration was seen only on the negatively charged surface, and not on the positively charged one, confirming the importance of electrostatic interactions in controlling the adsorption on a hydrophilic charged surface. Using the Voight based viscoelastic model, QCMD also provided information on the effective viscosity, effective shear modulus, and thickness of the adsorbed polymeric complex. The findings of viscoelastic analysis, corroborated by atomic force microscopy measurements, suggest that PQ10 by itself forms a flat, uniform layer, rigidly attached to the surface. The PQ10–SDS complex shows a heterogeneous surface structure, where the underlayer is relatively compact and tightly attached and the top is a loosely bound diffused overlayer, accounting for most of the adsorbate, which gets washed away upon rinsing. Understanding of the surface structure will have important implications toward understanding lubrication.