Assessing the combined risks of PAHs and metals in urban soils by urbanization indicators

We quantitatively describe the impacts of urbanization on the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HMs) in urban soils as well as their health risks to residents. Residential building age, population density, road density, and distance from urban center were used...

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Veröffentlicht in:Environmental pollution (1987) 2013-07, Vol.178, p.426-432
Hauptverfasser: Peng, Chi, Ouyang, Zhiyun, Wang, Meie, Chen, Weiping, Li, Xiaoma, Crittenden, John C.
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:We quantitatively describe the impacts of urbanization on the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HMs) in urban soils as well as their health risks to residents. Residential building age, population density, road density, and distance from urban center were used as urbanization level indicators. Significant correlations were found between those urbanization indicators and the amounts of PAHs, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn and As in residential soils. The exposure time of soils to urban air was the primary factor affecting soil pollution, followed by local road density and population density. Factor analysis suggested that 59.0% of the elevated pollutant concentrations were caused by citywide uniform deposition, and 15.3% were resulted from short-range deposition and/or non-combustion processes. The combined health risks posed by soil PAHs and HMs were aggravated with time and can be expressed as functions of residence age, road density, and other urbanization indicators. [Display omitted] •The soil PAH and HM contents were closely related to urbanization progression.•The PAH and HM contents were primarily affected by soil exposure time.•Local input loads of pollutants correlated with road density and population density.•The combined risks of PAHs and HMs increased with the urban development level.•The carcinogenic risks of PAHs and As were above 10−5 and increased over time. The health risks of PAHs and HMs in residential soils were connected to building age, population density and road density of the community as well as its distance from urban center.
ISSN:0269-7491
1873-6424
DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.058