Characterization of maleated vegetable oils for insulation purposes and agricultural applications

Two maleated vegetable oils based on castor and soybean oils (COMA & SOMA) in addition to aliphatic polyester based on propylene glycol and succinic acid (PPS) were prepared and characterized by means of infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance ( super(1)HNMR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA data indicates that SOMA is more thermally stable than COMA and PPS. The electrical properties of the prepared materials were investigated through the permittivity ([varepsilon]'), the dielectric loss ([varepsilon]") and the electrical conductivity ([sigma]) in a frequency range 10 super(-1)-10 super(+7) Hz. The obtained data were found to follow the trend COMA > SOMA > PPS. The relaxation mechanisms of such systems were also studied through the dielectric modulus M', including the real and imaginary parts (M' and M"). The effect of the prepared materials on the hydrophysical properties of the sandy soil when supplemented with different concentrations (1-5 wt%) was studied by bulk density, total porosity, water holding capacity, field capacity, hydraulic conductivity and water stability aggregates. These hydrophysical properties were improved by increasing the concentration of the added materials, which can be explained in terms of the penetration resistance in relation to friction and cohesion forces. These improvements in the hydrophysical properties of the sandy soil render it suitable for plant growth.Original Abstract: W wyniku modyfikacji olejow roslinnych bezwodnikiem maleinowym otrzymano dwie pochodne: oleju sojowego - SOMA i rycynowego - COMA. Ponadto w reakcji kwasu bursztynowego z glikolem propylenowym wytworzono alifatyczny poliester-PPS. Syntezowane materialy charakteryzowano z wykorzystaniem metod spektroskopii w podczerwieni (FT-IR), magnetycznego rezonansu jadrowego ( super(1)H NMR) oraz analizy termograwimetrycznej (TGA). Wykazano, ze SOMA jest stabilniejszy termicznie niz COMA i PPS. Wtasciwosci elektryczne oceniano na podstawie przenikalnosci ([varepsilon]'), strat dielektrycznych ([varepsilon],,) i przewodnosci elektrycznej [sigma] sub(a)c wyznaczanych w zakresie czcstotliwosci 10 super(-1)-10 super(7) Hz, a takze wartosci moduhi dielektrycznego (M). Najlepsze wtasciwosci elektryczne wykazywata pochodna oleju rycynowego a najgorsze - alifatyczny poliester. Badano wptyw dodatku (1-5 % mas.) otrzymanych materiaiow na wlasciwosci hydrofizyczne gleb piaszczystych. Oceniano gcstosc nasypowa, porowatosc catkowita, zdolnoac do gromadzenia wody,