Increased toxicity of modified mosquitocidal binary toxins of Bacillus sphaericus expressed in Escherichia coli

The binary mosquitocidal genes of 51-kDa and 42-kDa proteins isolated from Bacillus sphaericus 1593 have been expressed at moderate levels in Escherichia coli employing the pQE expression system. The expressed proteins are readily visible in Coomassie-blue-stained protein gels. The recombinant E. coli cells expressing toxic proteins were toxic towards Culex larvae. During the assembly of crystals in B. sphaericus, the 42-kDa toxin is first cleaved at the N-terminal end by a specific B. sphaericus protease. To express the toxins in E. coli the B. sphaericus specific protease-recognition site was deleted at the N-terminal end of the 42-kDa toxin, thereby mimicking the structure of the toxin as present in the crystal. This modification resulted in a twofold increase in the toxicity of the E. coli cells expressing the modified 42-kDa toxin as a constituent of the binary toxin. Our results demonstrate the utility of this modification for heterologous expression of the binary toxin genes from B. sphaericus.