Large-Scale Atmospheric and Oceanic Conditions during the 2011―12 DYNAMO Field Campaign

An international field campaign, Dynamics of the Madden Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO), took place in the Indian Ocean during October 2011–March 2012 to collect observations for the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), especially its convective initiation processes. The large-scale atmospheric and oceanic...

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Veröffentlicht in:Monthly weather review 2013-12, Vol.141 (12), p.4173-4196
Hauptverfasser: GOTTSCHALCK, Jon, ROUNDY, Paul E, SCHRECK, Carl J, VINTZILEOS, Augustin, CHIDONG ZHANG
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container_end_page 4196
container_issue 12
container_start_page 4173
container_title Monthly weather review
container_volume 141
creator GOTTSCHALCK, Jon
ROUNDY, Paul E
SCHRECK, Carl J
VINTZILEOS, Augustin
CHIDONG ZHANG
description An international field campaign, Dynamics of the Madden Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO), took place in the Indian Ocean during October 2011–March 2012 to collect observations for the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), especially its convective initiation processes. The large-scale atmospheric and oceanic conditions during the campaign are documented here. The ENSO and the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) states, the monthly mean monsoon circulation and its associated precipitation, humidity, vertical and meridional/zonal overturning cells, and ocean surface currents are discussed. The evolution of MJO events is described using various fields and indices that have been used to subdivide the campaign into three periods. These periods were 1) 17 September–8 December 2011 (period 1), which featured two robust MJO events that circumnavigated the global tropics with a period of less than 45 days; 2) 9 December 2011–31 January 2012, which contained less coherent activity (period 2); and 3) 1 February–12 April 2012, a period that featured the strongest and most slowly propagating MJO event of the campaign (period 3). Activities of convectively coupled atmospheric Kelvin and equatorial Rossby (ER) waves and their interaction with the MJO are discussed. The overview of the atmospheric and oceanic variability during the field campaign raises several scientific issues pertaining to our understanding of the MJO, or lack thereof. Among others, roles of Kelvin and ER waves in MJO convective initiation, convection-circulation decoupling on the MJO scale, applications of MJO filtering methods and indices, and ocean–atmosphere coupling need further research attention.
doi_str_mv 10.1175/mwr-d-13-00022.1
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The large-scale atmospheric and oceanic conditions during the campaign are documented here. The ENSO and the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) states, the monthly mean monsoon circulation and its associated precipitation, humidity, vertical and meridional/zonal overturning cells, and ocean surface currents are discussed. The evolution of MJO events is described using various fields and indices that have been used to subdivide the campaign into three periods. These periods were 1) 17 September–8 December 2011 (period 1), which featured two robust MJO events that circumnavigated the global tropics with a period of less than 45 days; 2) 9 December 2011–31 January 2012, which contained less coherent activity (period 2); and 3) 1 February–12 April 2012, a period that featured the strongest and most slowly propagating MJO event of the campaign (period 3). Activities of convectively coupled atmospheric Kelvin and equatorial Rossby (ER) waves and their interaction with the MJO are discussed. 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source American Meteorological Society; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection
subjects Atmosphere
Atmospherics
Climate
Convection
Decoupling
Dipoles
Earth, ocean, space
El Nino
El Nino phenomena
El Nino-Southern Oscillation event
Exact sciences and technology
External geophysics
Filtering
Humidity
Indian Ocean
Madden-Julian oscillation
Marine
Meteorology
Monsoon circulation
Monsoons
Ocean currents
Ocean surface
Oceans
Oscillations
Precipitation
Propagation
Rain
Rossby waves
Rotating generators
Satellites
Southern Oscillation
Surface currents
Time series
Tropical environments
title Large-Scale Atmospheric and Oceanic Conditions during the 2011―12 DYNAMO Field Campaign
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