Circum-Arctic mantle structure and long-wavelength topography since the Jurassic

The circum‐Arctic is one of the most tectonically complex regions of the world, shaped by a history of ocean basin opening and closure since the Early Jurassic. The region is characterized by contemporaneous large‐scale Cenozoic exhumation extending from Alaska to the Atlantic, but its driving force is unknown. We show that the mantle flow associated with subducted slabs of the South Anuyi, Mongol‐Okhotsk, and Panthalassa oceans have imparted long‐wavelength deflection on overriding plates. We identify the Jurassic‐Cretaceous South Anuyi slab under present‐day Greenland in seismic tomography and numerical mantle flow models. Under North America, we propose the “Farallon” slab results from Andean‐style ocean‐continent convergence around ~30°N and from a combination of ocean‐continent and intraoceanic subduction north of 50°N. We compute circum‐Arctic dynamic topography through time from subduction‐driven convection models and find that slabs have imparted on average