Stability characterization and modeling of robust distributed benthic microbial fuel cell (DBMFC) system

•Distributed benthic MFC (DBMFC) with multi-anode/cathode.•DBMFCs had higher stability than traditional BMFCs.•Anode is the significant limiting factor for BMFC.•Computational models confirmed the high stability of DBMFC. A novel and robust distributed benthic microbial fuel cell (DBMFC) was developed to address the energy supply issues for oceanographic sensor network applications, especially under scouring and bioturbation by aquatic life. Multi-anode/cathode configuration was employed in the DBMFC system for enhanced robustness and stability in the harsh ocean environment. The results showed that the DBMFC system achieved peak power and current densities of 190mW/m2 and 125mA/m2 respectively. Stability characterization tests indicated the DBMFC with multiple anodes achieved higher power generation over the systems with single anode. A computational model that integrated physical, electrochemical and biological factors of MFCs was developed to validate the overall performance of the DBMFC system. The model simulation well corresponded with the experimental results, and confirmed the hypothesis that using a multi anode/cathode MFC configuration results in reliable and robust power generation.