Variability of the Dendritic Cell Response Triggered by Different Serotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans or Porphyromonas gingivalis Is Toll‐Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) or TLR4 Dependent

Background: Different serotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis have been shown to induce differential dendritic cell (DC) responses. This study investigates whether cytokine and CC‐chemokine receptor (CCR) production by DCs stimulated with different serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis is Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) and/or TLR4 dependent. Methods: DCs were obtained from healthy individuals and primed at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 102 with different A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis serotypes in the presence or absence of anti‐TLR2 or anti‐TLR4 blocking antibodies. TLR2 and TLR4 expression, CCR5 and CCR6 expression, and interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐10, IL‐12, and IL‐23 expression and secretion were quantified by flow cytometry, real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: When DCs were stimulated with serotype b of A. actinomycetemcomitans or serotype K1 of P. gingivalis, higher levels of TLR2 or TLR4, respectively, were detected compared to DCs stimulated with the other serotypes. Similarly, higher levels of cytokines and CCRs were detected in serotype b– or serotype K1–primed DCs compared to the others, and these increased levels positively correlated with levels of TLR2 or TLR4. When TLR2 signaling was blocked using a specific anti‐TLR2 monoclonal antibody, serotype b–induced cytokine and CCR expression was inhibited; when TLR4 signaling was blocked, serotype K1–induced response was inhibited. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the variability of secretion of cytokines and expression of CCRs detected in DCs stimulated with different serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis is TLR2 or TLR4 dependent, respectively.