Nonlinear finite element analysis of arch dam — I. Constitutive relationship

In nonlinear finite element analysis of concrete structures, two of the most important issues are the constitutive relationship of concrete and the nonlinear analysis process (especially cracking model). In this study, as the first part, the existing nonlinear elastic constitutive relationships of concrete are comprehensively analysed and commented upon by comparing with experimental results. Their characteristics, applicability, differences and deficiencies are reviewed. Then the concept of stress state index is proposed and introduced in the constitutive relationship to represent the effect of different stress states. A simple and reasonable constitutive relationship of concrete is suggested in the frame of nonlinear elastic theory.