Methylxanthines do not affect rhythmogenic preBötC inspiratory network activity but impair bursting of preBötC-driven motoneurons

Graphical abstract Methylxanthines (e.g. caffeine, theophylline) do not perturb bursting of rhythmogenic pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) inspiratory networks in isolated newborn rat brainstem-spinal cords, but mask simultaneously recorded bursting of preBötC-driven motoneurons in hypoglossal (XII) nucleus via 1–10 Hz oscillations. As measured in a different preparation, they evoke seizure-like discharges in preBötC-driven spinal motor networks as exemplified by recording from the fourth cervical (C4 ) motor nerve roots.