Processing of Lovage into High-Value Components Using Supercritical CO sub(2) and Pressurized Liquid Extraction

Lovage roots, leaves, and stems were extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide (SFE-CO sub(2)), while the residues of SFE-CO sub(2) were further extracted by pressurized liquid extraction with acetone and methanol. Optimization of SFE-CO sub(2) parameters resulted in enhanced extract yields from all lovage parts. The antioxidant potential of solid material and extracts was assessed by Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) in two different assays and by the total phenolic content (TPC). TEAC and TPC values of SFE-CO sub(2) residues were distinctly lower than those of the initial lovage material which indicates that lovage antioxidants are distributed both in lipophilic and fat-insoluble fractions. High-pressure techniques, namely supercritical CO sub(2) and pressurized liquid extraction, demonstrate the potential to significantly increase the efficiency of processing of different anatomical parts of lovage into high-value fractions based on their solubility in nonpolar (CO sub(2)) and protonic (methanol/water) solvents under supercritical and subcritical conditions.