Source Apportionment Using Radiocarbon and Organic Tracers for PM sub(2.5) Carbonaceous Aerosols in Guangzhou, South China: Contrasting Local- and Regional-Scale Haze Events

We conducted a source apportionment and investigated the atmospheric behavior of carbonaceous aerosols during hazy and normal days using radiocarbon ( super(14)C) and biomass burning/secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracers during winter in Guangzhou, China. Haze episodes were formed either abruptly by local emissions or through the accumulation of particles transported from other areas. The average contributions of fossil carbon to elemental carbon (EC), water-insoluble organic carbon, and water-soluble organic carbon were 71 plus or minus 10%, 40 plus or minus 6% and 33 plus or minus 3%, respectively. High contributions of fossil carbon to EC (80-90%) were observed for haze samples that were substantially impacted by local emissions, as were the highest (lowest) ratios for NO super(-) sub(3)/SO sub(4) super(2-) (OC/EC), which indicates that these particles mainly came from local vehicle exhaust. Low contributions of fossil carbon to EC (60-70%) were found for haze particles impacted by regional transport. Secondary organic carbon (SOC) calculated using SOA tracers accounts for only similar to 20% of the SOC estimated by super(14)C, which is probably because some important volatile organic carbons are not taken into account in the SOA tracer calculation method and because of the large discrepancy in ambient conditions between the atmosphere and smog chambers. A total of 33 plus or minus 11% of the SOC was of fossil origin, a portion of which could be influenced by humidity.