Effects of the bisphosphonate alendronate on molars of young rats after lateral luxation

Background and aim The bisphosphonate alendronate (ALN) was employed with the aim of investigating its effects on dental and periodontal tissues after lateral luxation of developing molars. Material and methods Twenty‐one‐day‐old Wistar rats had their second upper molars laterally luxated. Daily 2.5 mg kg−1 ALN injections started at the day of the luxation; controls received sterile saline solution. The teeth were analyzed 7, 14, and 21 days after the procedure. On the days cited, the maxillae were fixed, decalcified, and embedded in paraffin or Spurr resin. The paraffin sections were stained with H&E, incubated for TRAP histochemistry or immunolabeled for osteopontin (OPN). Spurr ultrathin sections were examined in a transmission electron microscope. Results After 21 days, the root apex of luxated molars without ALN was wide open and disorganized and also covered by an irregular layer of cellular cementum, which was not observed in ALN‐treated animals. Ankylosis sites were observed in ALN rats in both luxated and non‐luxated teeth. The TRAP‐positive osteoclasts were more numerous in ALN group, despite their latent ultrastructural appearance without the presence of resorption apparatus compared to controls. OPN immunolabeling revealed a thick immunopositive line in the dentin that must be resultant from the moment of the luxation, while ALN‐treated specimens did not present alterations in dentin. Conclusion The present findings indicate that alendronate inhibits some alterations in dentin and cementum formation induced by dental trauma.