Characterization of lysyl residues of NADH-cytochrome b sub(5) reductase implicated in charge-pairing with active-site carboxyl residues of cytochrome b sub(5) by site-directed mutagenesis of an expression vector for the flavoprotein

An expression vector for bovine NADH-cytochrome b sub(5) reductase was constructed from two DNA fragments that were derived from beef liver poly (A super(+)) RNA using the polymerase chain reaction. Site-directed mutagenesis of the 3 lysine residues of the reductase, previously implicated in the formation of active-site charge pairs with carboxylate residues of cytochrome b sub(5), was then used to obtain the purified catalytic domains of flavo-proteins modified at each of these sites. The observed marked decreases in catalytic efficiencies of substitutions of a negative charge at the normally positively charged residues with the catalytic domain of cytochrome b sub(5) are consistent with their participation in the formation of charge pairs with carboxylate groups of the hemeprotein to optimize rapid electron transfer from the reductase flavin to the heme of the cytochrome.