A Mouse Model for the Renal Salt-Wasting Syndrome Pseudohypoaldosteronism

Aldosterone-dependent epithelial sodium transport in the distal nephron is mediated by the absorption of sodium through the highly selective, amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) made of three homologous subunits (α , β , and γ ). In human, autosomal recessive mutations of α , β , or γ ENaC subunits cause pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA-1), a renal salt-wasting syndrome characterized by severe hypovolemia, high plasma aldosterone, hyponatremia, life-threatening hyperkaliemia, and metabolic acidosis. In the mouse, inactivation of α ENaC results in failure to clear fetal lung liquid at birth and in early neonatal death, preventing the observation of a PHA-1 renal phenotype. Transgenic expression of α ENaC driven by a cytomegalovirus promoter in α ENaC(-/-) knockout mice [α ENAC(-/-)Tg] rescued the perinatal lethal pulmonary phenotype and partially restored Na+transport in renal, colonic, and pulmonary epithelia. At days 5-9, however, α ENaC(-/-)Tg mice showed clinical features of severe PHA-1 with metabolic acidosis, urinary salt-wasting, growth retardation, and 50% mortality. Adult α ENaC(-/-)Tg survivors exhibited a compensated PHA-1 with normal acid/base and electrolyte values but 6-fold elevation of plasma aldosterone compared with wildtype littermate controls. We conclude that partial restoration of ENaC-mediated Na+absorption in this transgenic mouse results in a mouse model for PHA-1.