Strain-induced outgassing of three-phase magmas during simple shear

A major factor determining the explosivity of silicic eruptions is the removal of volatiles from magma through permeability‐controlled outgassing. We studied the microstructural development of permeability during deformation of highly viscous magma by performing simple shear experiments on bubble (0.12–0.36 volume fraction) and crystal‐bearing (0–0.42 volume fraction) silicate melts. Experiments were performed under torsion, at high temperature and pressure (723–873 K and 150–200 MPa) in a Paterson deformation apparatus at bulk shear strains between 0 and 10. The experimental setup allows for gas escape if bubble connectivity is reached on the sample periphery. Three‐dimensional imaging and analysis of deformed bubbles was performed using X‐ray tomography. The development of localized deformation in all samples, enhanced by crystal content, leads to brittle fracture at bulk strains > 2 and sample‐wide fracturing in samples deformed to strains >5. A decrease in both bubble fraction and dissolved volatile content with increasing strain, along with strain‐hardening rheological behavior, suggests significant shear‐induced outgassing through the fracture networks, applicable to shallow conduit degassing in magmas containing crystal fractions of 0–0.42. This study contributes to our understanding of highly viscous magma outgassing and processes governing the effusive‐explosive transition. Key PointsWe observe permeability and outgassing in sheared synthetic three‐phase magmaFractures develop at strains over 2 with crystal fraction of 0.24A large control on sample viscosity is the type of deformation fabric