Adjuvant chemotherapy after esophagectomy: Is there a role in the treatment of the lymph node positive thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?

Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients with regional lymph node metastases have poor prognosis after surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of various treatment modalities on survival in these patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed data from 349 patients who had undergone left transthoracic esophagectomy for thoracic ESCC from January 2008 to December 2010 at our institute. All patients had lesions in the mid or lower third of the thoracic segment and had pathological positive lymph node metastasis. Of these patients, 143 patients received surgery alone, 154 patients underwent postoperative radiotherapy alone, and 52 patients underwent taxane‐based chemotherapy. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to analyze prognostic factors and survival. Results At a median follow‐up of 53.1 months, the 3‐year OS were 47.7% for the patients with surgery alone, 44.0% for the patients with adjuvant radiotherapy, and 58.9% for the patients with adjuvant chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis showed that postoperative therapy with adjuvant chemotherapy was significant positive predictor of survival. Conclusions Postoperative taxane‐based adjuvant chemotherapy improved survival of patients with lymph node positive thoracic ESCC compared with surgery alone. Further randomized prospective studies to confirm these findings are warranted. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:864–868. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.