Autonomous Self-Healing of Epoxy Thermosets with Thiol-Isocyanate Chemistry

Thiol‐isocyanate chemistry, combined with a dual capsule strategy, is used for the development of extrinsic self‐healing epoxy materials. It is shown that the amine groups present in the matrix both serve as a catalyst for the addition reaction between a thiol and an isocyanate and as a way to covalently link the healed network structure to the surrounding resin. The tapered double cantilever beam (TDCB) geometry is used for evaluating the recovery of the fracture toughness at room temperature after different healing times. Using manual injection of the healing agents into the crack, a healing efficiency up to 130% is obtained for the EPIKOTE 828/DETA epoxy material. On the other hand, when two types of microcapsules, one containing a tetrathiol reagent and the other a low toxic isocyanate reagent, are incorporated into this epoxy thermoset (20 wt%), a recovery of more than 50% is reached. The influence of parameters such as the amount and core content of the microcapsules on the healing efficiency is investigated. Furthermore, the thiol‐isocyanate chemistry is also tested for an industrial cold‐curing epoxy resin (RIM 135/RIMH 137). Thiol‐isocyanate chemistry is applied for the development of extrinsic self‐healing epoxy materials. The self‐healing ability is obtained by embedding both thiol‐ and isocyanate‐containing microcapsules into an epoxy thermoset. Tertiary amines present in the epoxy matrix are shown to catalyze the formation of the healed network. The stringent demands of industry concerning toxicity, thermal stability, and costs are approached.