Gynecomastia in subjects with sexual dysfunction

Purpose To analyze possible relationships between gynecomastia and clinical and biochemical parameters in a large cohort of subjects with sexual dysfunction (SD). Methods A consecutive series of 4,023 men attending our Outpatient Clinic for SD was retrospectively studied. Results After excluding Klinefelter’s syndrome patients, the prevalence of gynecomastia was 3.1 %. Subjects with gynecomastia had significantly lower testosterone (T) levels; the association retained statistical significance after adjusting for age and life-style. However, only 33.3 % of subjects with gynecomastia were hypogonadal. Gynecomastia was associated with delayed puberty, history of testicular or hepatic diseases, as well as cannabis abuse. Patients with gynecomastia more frequently reported sexual complaints, such as severe erectile dysfunction [odds ratio (OR) = 2.19 (1.26–3.86), p = 0.006], lower sexual desire and intercourse frequency [OR = 1.23 (1.06–1.58) and OR = 1.84 (1.22–2.78), respectively; both p