Australian net (1950s-1990) soil organic carbon erosion: implications for CO sub(2) emission and land-atmosphere modelling

The debate remains unresolved about soil erosion substantially offsetting fossil fuel emissions and acting as an important source or sink of CO sub(2). There is little historical land use and management context to this debate, which is central to Australia's recent past of European settlement, agricultural expansion and agriculturally-induced soil erosion. We use "catchment" scale ( similar to 25 km super(2)) estimates of super(137)Cs-derived net (1950s-1990) soil redistribution of all processes (wind, water and tillage) to calculate the net soil organic carbon (SOC) redistribution across Australia. We approximate the selective removal of SOC at net eroding locations and SOC enrichment of transported sediment and net depositional locations. We map net (1950s-1990) SOC redistribution across Australia and estimate erosion by all processes to be similar to 4 Tg SOC yr super(-1), which represents a loss of similar to 2% of the total carbon stock (0-10 cm) of Australia. Assuming this net SOC loss is mineralised, the flux ( similar to 15 Tg CO sub(2)-equivalents yr super(-1)) represents an omitted 12% of CO sub(2)-equivalent emissions from all carbon pools in Australia. Although a small source of uncertainty in the Australian carbon budget, the mass flux interacts with energy and water fluxes, and its omission from land surface models likely creates more uncertainty than has been previously recognised.