Chromium Speciation in Rainwater:  Temporal Variability and Atmospheric Deposition

The concentrations of the various chromium species were determined in 89 rainwater samples collected in Wilmington, NC, from October 1, 1999, to December 31, 2001. Volume-weighted annual average concentrations of Crtotal, particulate Cr, Cr(III)(aq), and Cr(VI)(aq) were 4.6, 2.2, 0.8, and 1.2 nM, re...

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Veröffentlicht in:Environmental science & technology 2002-12, Vol.36 (24), p.5321-5327
Hauptverfasser: Kieber, Robert J, Willey, Joan D, Zvalaren, Suzanne D
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:The concentrations of the various chromium species were determined in 89 rainwater samples collected in Wilmington, NC, from October 1, 1999, to December 31, 2001. Volume-weighted annual average concentrations of Crtotal, particulate Cr, Cr(III)(aq), and Cr(VI)(aq) were 4.6, 2.2, 0.8, and 1.2 nM, respectively. There was distinct seasonal and diurnal variability in the concentrations of the various chromium species. Chromium emissions to the global atmosphere by both natural and anthropogenic sources are estimated to be 2.2 × 109 mol/yr. Using our rainwater concentration data along with other published rainwater Cr concentrations and an estimate for total global annual rain, the total global flux of chromium removed from the atmosphere via wet deposition is 2.1 × 109 mol/yr. This represents complete removal of Cr and indicates that essentially all chromium released into the global atmosphere is removed via rain. About half this chromium is dissolved with roughly equal concentrations of toxic Cr(VI) and relatively harmless Cr(III) species.
ISSN:0013-936X
1520-5851
DOI:10.1021/es020777n