Landscape ecological risk and driving force analysis in Red river Basin

Taking Red River watershed as a case, we analyzed landscape ecological risk variability by establishing a risk index based on landscape pattern and process using GIS and RS technology. The results showed: the regions with severe and very severe landscape pattern, soil erosion, and integrated landscape risk were located along the main stream of Red River. The integrated landscape risk index presented positive spatial autocorrelation and the regions of high-high integral landscape risk was located in the upstream and downstream of the Red River. Landscape pattern risks of the constructed land, water and unused land were higher than those of the cultivated land, grassland and forest land. Unused land had highest soil erosion risk. The rank order of six land use types according to their integral landscape ecological risk was constructed land > water> unused land> cultivated land> forest land> grassland. Topographical factors and human disturbance factors can affect the landscape pattern, soil erosion, and integrated landscape ecological risk to a certain extent.