Perioperative changes of procalcitonin levels in patients undergoing liver transplantation

Background Severe sepsis is a life‐threatening complication after liver transplantation (LT) that can be difficult to diagnose and appropriately treat after LT because of patients being treated with immunosuppressants. The present study examines perioperative changes in serum procalcitonin (PCT), a specific marker of systemic bacterial infection, and determines the value of PCT as a diagnostic tool for bacteremia or rejection. Methods Perioperative serum PCT levels were prospectively assessed in 104 consecutive adult patients undergoing LT (living‐donor LT, n = 90; deceased‐donor LT, n = 14) between May 2010 and August 2012. Results Serum PCT levels remarkably increased soon after LT and gradually decreased thereafter, but were not increased in patients diagnosed with cytomegalovirus infection or acute cellular rejection. Serum PCT levels in patients who underwent deceased‐donor LT were significantly higher than in those who underwent living‐donor LT until postoperative day (POD) 7. Serum PCT levels were significantly higher in patients with bacteremia than in those without bacteremia after POD 14. In patients with post‐transplant bacteremia, PCT levels increased again after POD 7 in patients who died within 3 months of LT, while levels remained low after POD 7 in patients who were alive. A positive predictive value of 83.3% for bacteremia and a negative predictive value of 97.4% were obtained at PCT cutoffs of 2.0 and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion Serum PCT measurement, using appropriate cutoff values, could help diagnose severe infection, and might be able to differentiate bacteremia from acute cellular rejection.