Bioactive peptide design based on protein surface epitopes. A cyclic heptapeptide mimics CD4 domain 1 CC' loop and inhibits CD4 biological function

The interaction between CD4 and major histocompatibility complex class II proteins provides a critical co-receptor function for the activation of CD4(+) T cells implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of autoimmune diseases and transplantation responses. A small synthetic cyclic heptapeptide was designed and shown by high resolution NMR spectroscopy to closely mimic the CD4 domain 1 CC' surface loop. This peptide effectively blocked stable CD4-major histocompatibility complex class II interaction, possessed significant immunosuppressive activity in vitro and in vivo, and strongly resisted proteolytic degradation. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of this peptide as a novel immunosuppressive agent and suggest a general strategy of drug design by using small conformationally constrained peptide mimics of protein surface epitopes to inhibit protein interactions and biological functions.